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To cut through some of the confusion surrounding bitcoin, we need to separate it into two components. On the one hand, you've got bitcoin-the-token, a snippet of code which represents ownership of an electronic concept type of like a digital IOU. On the other hand, you have bitcoin-the-protocol, a distributed network that maintains a ledger of balances of bitcoin-the-token.
The machine enables payments to be sent between users without passing via a central authority, such as a bank or payment gateway. It is created and kept electronically. Bitcoins arent printed, for example dollars or euros theyre produced by computers all around the world, using free software.
It was the first instance of what we today call cryptocurrencies, a growing asset category that shares some features of traditional currencies, together with verification based on cryptography.
A pseudonymous software programmer going by the name of Satoshi Nakamoto proposed bitcoin in 2008, as an electronic payment method based on mathematical evidence. The idea was to produce a means of exchange, independent of any central power, which could be transferred electronically in a secure, verifiable and immutable way.
Bitcoins most important feature is that it is decentralized. No single institution controls the bitcoin network. It is maintained by a group of volunteer coders, and run by an open network of dedicated servers spread around the world. This attracts individuals and groups who are uncomfortable with all the control that banks or government institutions have over their money. .
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Bitcoin simplifies the double spending issue of electronic currencies (in which electronic assets can readily be copied and re-used) through an ingenious combination of cryptography and economic incentives. In electronic fiat currencies, this function is fulfilled by banks, which gives them control over the traditional system. Together with bitcoin, the integrity of the transactions is maintained by a distributed and open network, owned by no-one. .
Fiat currencies (dollars, euros, yen, etc.) have an unlimited supply central banks can issue as many as they want, and can attempt to manipulate a currencys worth relative to others. Holders of the currency (and especially citizens with very little alternative) bear the price.
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With bitcoin, on the other hand, the distribution is tightly controlled by the underlying algorithm. A small number of new bitcoins trickle every hour, and will continue to do so at a diminishing rate until a maximum of 21 million has been reached. This makes bitcoin more appealing as an asset in theory, if demand grows and the supply remains the same, the value will increase. .
While senders of traditional electronic payments are often identified (for verification purposes, and learn the facts here now to comply with anti-money laundering and other legislation), users of bitcoin in theory function in semi-anonymity. Since there is no central validator, users do not need to identify themselves when sending bitcoin to another user. When a transaction request is filed, the protocol checks all previous transactions to confirm that the sender has the necessary bitcoin in addition to the authority to send them.
In practice, every user is identified by the address of their pocket. Transactions can, with a little effort, be tracked this way. Also, law enforcement has developed methods to identify consumers if necessary.
Additionally, most exchanges are required by law to perform identity checks on their customers before they're allowed to buy or sell bitcoin, facilitating another manner that bitcoin utilization can be monitored. Since the network is transparent, the advancement of a specific transaction is visible to all.
This is because there's absolutely no central adjudicator that can say ok, return the money. When a transaction is listed on the network, and if greater than an hour has passed, it's impossible to change.
While this may disquiet some, it does mean that any transaction on the bitcoin network cannot be tampered with.
The smallest unit of a bitcoin is called a satoshi. It's one hundred millionth of a bitcoin (0.00000001) at todays prices, about one hundredth of a cent. This may conceivably enable microtransactions that traditional electronic money cannot.
Bitcoin is an electronic currency, also known as a cryptocurrency. It was invented in 2008 with an site web anonymous person or group named Satoshi Nakamoto.